Computer Elaboration

           KEYBOARD SHORTCUT

NEW---Control +N

COPY---Control+C

CUT--- Control+X

PAST--- Control+V

OPEN--- Control+O

SAVE--- Control+S

PRINT--- Control+P

FIND--- Control+F

REPLACE- Contro+H

UNDO--- Control+Z

REDO--- Control+Y

FIND NEXT---F3

BOLD--- Control+B

ITALI---- Control+I

SPELL CHECK---F7

SAVE AS---- Control+F12

GO TO--- Control+G / F5

TASK PANE- ControL+F1

ALL SELECT--- Control+A

RECYCLE-DELET—SHIFT+DEL

WINDOWS  CLOSE—ALTER+F4

BACK PACE---- ALTER+F4

BACK PACE--- Esc

PAGE BREAK— Control+ENTER

FIRST PAGE—Control + Home

LAST PAGE— Control+END

UNDER LINE- Control+U

FONT SIZE— Control+SHIFT+P

FONT--- Control+SHIFT+F

CENTER ALIGMENT— Control+E

HYPER LINK---- Control+K

ACCESS MENU—Alter

BACK ONE PAGE—Alter +Left Arrow

FORWARD ONE PAGE—Alter +Right Arrow

DELETE ONE WORD TO THE LEFT---Control +Backspage

CHANGE THE FONT--- Control +Shift +F

CHANGE THE FONT SIZE---Control +Shift +P

INCREASE THE FONT SIZE--- Control +Shift +>

DECREASE THE FONT SIZE--- Control +Shift +<

CHANGE THE CASE OF LETTERS---Shift +F3

FORMAL LETTERS AS ALL CAPITALS---Control +Shift +A

MINIMIZE FILE OPEN--- Control + Tab

START MENU- Control+ESC/Windows Butt-/Start Button
                                 
                                      A                                                                                                                           

ABR       =    Area Border Router

ACPI      =    Advanced Configuration and Power Interface

ACT       =    Application compatibility toolkit.

AD          =    Administrative Distance

ADCS     =    Active directory certificate cervices.

AD-DS    =    Active directory domain services/

ADFS      =    Active directory federation service.

ADLDS   =    Active directory lightweight directory services.

ADRMS  =   Active directory right management services/

ADSI       =   Active directory service interface.

ADSL      =   Asymmetric  Digital  Subscriber  Line

AES         =   Advanced encryption standard.

AGP        =  Accelerated   Graphics  Port

AH          =   Authentication header .

AIA         =   Authority information access.

ALU        =   Arithmetic logic unit

AMD       =   Advanced  Micro  Devices

APIPA     =  Automatic  Private IP Addressing

APIs         =  Application Processes Interfaces

APNIC     =  Asia pacific network information center .

ARP         =   Address Resolution Protocol

ARPA      =   Advanced  Research Projects Agency

AS            =   Autonomous System

ASCII      =   American standard code for information interchange

ASIC       =   Application Specific  Integrated Circuit

ASR        =    Automated system recovery

ATX        =    Advanced  Technology Extended

AUI         =    Attachment Unit Interface

                                    B                                       

BGP        =   Border  Gateway  Protocols

BIND      =   Berkley internet name domain .

BIOS       =   Basic  Input  Output  System

BIT         =   1 or 0 level of storage is called a bit

BNC        =   British Naval  Connector / Bayonet Neill Councilman /

Boot P    =    Bootstrap Protocol

BPS        =    Bits per second

BSD        =    Berkeley  Software  Distribution

BTX        =    Balanced  Technology Extended

BYTE     =    A measurement of storage capacity

                                      C                                   
    

CA         =    Certificate authority.
CAD      =    Computer aided design.
CBS       =    Component based servicing.
CBT       =    Computer based training 
CCNA    =    Cisco Certified Network Associate
CD          =   Compact disk 
CD-R      =   Compact disk recordable
CD-ROM=  Compact disk read only memory 
CD-RW   =  Compact Disc – Rewritable 
CGA        =  Color  graphics  adapter.
CIDR      =   Classless  Inter Domain  Routing 
CMOS    =   Complementary  Metal  Oxide  Semiconductor 
CNAME =   Canonical  Name 
CPU        =   Center processing unit 
CRC       =   Cyclic Redundancy Check 
CRL        =   Certificate revocation list. 
CRT        =   Cat bode  ray tube 
CSMA/CD= Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Detection 
CSU        =   Channel  Service Unit     

                                        D                                                                                     

DA          =   Destination Address

DACL     =   Discretionary access control list.

DAT        =   Digital audio tape

DC          =   Domain control.

DCE        =   Data Communication Equipment

DCPROMO =Domain controller promoter.

DCS         =   Data collector set .

DDR        =   Double Data Rate

DFS         =   Distributed file system.

DHCP      =    Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol

DIMM     =  Dual  Inline Memory Module       

DIP          =  Dual  Inline  Package

DISM       =   Deployment image servicing and management .

DIX          =   Digital  Intel and Xerox

DMZ        =   Demilitarized Zone

DNS         =   Domain Name Server/Service/System

DOS         =    Disk operating system

DRA         =   Data recovery agents

DRAM     =   Dynamic  RAM

DRDRAM= Direct  Ram bus  DRAM

DRM        =    Digital right management.

DSL          =    Digital  Subscriber  Line

DSRM      =    Directory services restore mode.

DSU          =    Data Service Unit

DTE         =    Data Terminal Equipment

DUAL       =   Diffusing Update  Algorithm

DV            =   Distance Vector

DVD         =    Digital versatile disk

DVI           =    Digital Visual/Video Interface

                                       E                                      

EEPROM = Electrically erasable  program able  read only memory.

EEPROM =   Electrically  EPROM

EFS           =     Encryption file system .

EGA          =     Enhanced  graphics  adapter.

EGPs         =    Exterior   Gateway  Protocols

EIGRP      =    Enhanced Interior Gateway Routing Protocol

E-MAIL    =    Electronic mail

EMI          =    Electro-Magnetic Interference

EPROM    =    Erasable  PROM

ERD          =    Emergency  recovery disk

ESP           =    Encapsulating printing protocol .
                     
                                          F                                  
 

FAT         =    File allocation table

FCS         =    Frame Check Sequence

FDD         =   Floppy  Disk  Drive

FEP          =   Fluoro Ethylene Propylene

FQDM     =   Fully qualified domain name

FRS          =   File replication service.

FSB          =   Front Side Bus

FSRM      =   File server resource manager .

FTP          =   File transfer protocol

                 
                                         G                                      

G/L          =    Global/Local  bit

GByte      =    Gigabyte a gigabyte consists of 1024 Mbytes

GHz         =    Measurement of computer speed. Gigahertz

GMII       =    Gigabit  Media Independent Interface

GPC        =    Group policy container.

GPMC     =    Group policy management console.

GPO        =    Group policy object.

GPT         =    Group policy template.

GPT         =    Guide  partition table.  
GUI          =    Graphical user interface

                                    H                                             

HDD        =     Hard  Disk  Drive

HDMI      =      High  Definition  Multimedia  Interface

HGC        =       Hercules  graphics  card.

HTML     =      Hyper text markup language.

HTT        =      Hyper-Threading   Technology

HTTP      =     Hyper Text Transfer  Protocol

HTTPS    =     Hyper Text Transfer  Protocol  Secure

Hz            =     Hertz (this is a measurement of frequency (i. e speed)

                                           I                                     

IANA       =   internet assigned numbers authority .

IBM         =   Information and business messing
IBM         =   International  Business  Machine
ICANN    =    internet corporation assigned name and numbers . 
ICS          =   Internet connection sharing 
ICT          =   Information and communication technology
IDA          =   identity and access. 
IDF          =   Network Interface Device
IE             =   Internet Explorer 
IEAK       =    Internet explorer administration kit. 
IEEE       =    Institute of  Electrical and Electronics Engineers
IETF       =    Internet  Engineering  Task Force
IGMP      =    Internet  Group  Management Protocol
IGPs        =    Interior  Gateway  Protocols 
IIS           =    Internet information server
IM           =    Instant messaging 
IMAP      =    Internet Message Access Protocol
IP            =    Internet Protocol 
IPP          =    Internet printing protocol .
IPSec       =    Internet protocol security 
IRQ         =    Internet request. 

IS             =    Information systems
ISDN       =    Integrated  systems
IS-IS        =    Intermediate  System – to-  Intermediate 
ISO          =    International Organization for Standardization 
ISO          =    Internet organization for standardization . 
ISP          =     Internet service provider. 
IT            =     Information technology   

                                          K                                    

KBPS      =    Kilobits per second
Kbyte       =     Kilobyte. A kilobyte (kb) consists of 1024 bytes
KCC        =    Knowledge consistency checker.
KSP         =    Key signing key . 
KVM        =     Keyboard, Video and Mouse  

                                         L                                                                     

LAN        =     Local area network

LC          =     Local Connector

LCD       =     Liquid  crystal  display.

LDAP     =     Light weight  Directory  Access Protocol

LDM       =    Logical disk manager

LED        =    Light emitting diode

LLC        =    Logical Link Control 

LLMNR =     Link local multicast name resolution .

LLTD     =     Link layer topology discovery .

LS           =     Link State

LSA        =     Link State Advertisement

                                       M                                     

MAC      =    Media Access Control

MBps     =    Megabytes  per  second

MBR      =    Master boot record. 
MBSA    =    Microsoft baseline security analyzer

M Byte    =   Megabyte. A megabyte  (mb) is one million

MCA       =   Micro  channel  architecture.

MDA       =   Monochrome  display  adapter.

MDF       =   Main Distribution Frame

MDT       =   Microsoft deployment toolkit

MHz        =   Million hertz

MIDI       =   Musical  Instrument  Digital  Interface

MII         =    Media Independent Interface

MLS       =    Multi Layer Switch

MMC      =   Microsoft management console.

MMF      =   Multi  Mode Fiber

MPLS     =   Multi Protocol Label Switching

MSI         =   Microsoft system installer.

MTRJ     =   Mechanical Transfer  Registered Jack

MTU       =   Maximum Transfer Unit

MX         =    Mail Exchanger

                                        N                                   

NAT        =  Network  Address  Translation 
NCC        =  Network coordination centre .
NCP        =  Network  Control  Protocol 
NEXT     =   Near End Crosstalk 
NFPA      =  National Fire Protection Association 
NFS         =  Network file system . 
NIC         =  Network  Interface  Card 
NLB        =   Network load balancing . 
NLS        =   Network location server 
NLX        =   New Low-Profile  Extended 
NPS        =   Network policy server . 
NTFS      =   New technology file system
NTP        =   Network Time Protocol 
NTSC     =    National  television  system committee.
 
                                        O                                   


OCSP    =   Online certificate status protocol.

OSI        =   Open Systems Interconnection

OSPF     =   Open shortest Path First

OU         =   Organization unit.

OUI        =   Organizationally  Unique Identifier

                                      P                                    
                                                   

PAT     =     port address translation

PC       =      personal computer

PCI      =     Peripheral Component Interconnect

PCIe    =     Peripheral Component Interconnect Express

PCMCIA=  Personal Computer Memory Card International  Association

PDA     =     Personal digital assistant

PDC     =    primary domain controller.

PDSL   =    Power Line Digital  Subscriber Line

PDUs   =    Protocol  Data Units

PGA     =   Pin  Grid  Array 

PIN      =   personal identification number

PING   =   Packet Inter Net Groper

PLC     =   Power Line Communication

PnP      =   Plug And Play (Non-PnP)

POP     =   Post Office Protocol

POST   =   Power-On  Self-Test

POTS   =   Plain Old Telephone Services

PSC      =   password settings container.

PSO      =   password settings objects.

PSTN    =   Public  Switched Telephone Network

PTR      =   Pointer Record

PVC      =   Poly Vinyl  Chloride

PXE      =   preboot  execution environment

                                               Q                                                           
QoS      =   Quality of Service

                                         R                                  

RAID     =     Redundant array of independent disks .

RARP    =     Reverse Address Resolution Protocol

RCA      =

RDP      =     Remote Desktop Protocol

RFC      =     Request  For Comments

RFI       =     Radio Frequency  Interference

RGB     =     Red-Green-Blue (CRT)

RID      =     Relative ID.

RIMM  =     Ram bus  Inline Memory Module

RIP       =    Routing Information Protocol

RJ         =    Registered Jack

RODC  =    Read only domain controller.

ROM    =    Read only memory

ROM- BIOS= read only memory basic input output system

RPC     =    Remote procedure call.

RRAS   =    Routing and remote access service .

RSI       =    Repetitive strain injury

RSS      =    Really simple syndication

RS-232 =    Recommended Standard-232

RTP     =    Reliable Transport  Protocol

RTP     =    Real-time Transport  Protocol

                                        S                                      

SA         =   Security association .

SA         =   Source Address

SC         =   Subscriber Connector

SCP      =    Secure Copy Protocol

SCSI     =    Small  Computer  System  Interface

SDRAM =   Synchronous  DRAM

SFD      =    Start Frame Delimiter

SFF       =    Small Form Factor

SFTP    =    Secure  File Transfer Protocol

SIM       =    System image manager .

SIMM   =    Single Inline Memory Module

SIP        =    Session Initiation Protocol

SMF      =    Single Mode Fiber

SMT     =     Simultaneous  Multi-Threading

SMTP   =     Simple Mail Transfer Protocol

SNAT   =      Static  NAT

SNMP   =     Simple Network Management Protocol

SOA      =     Start of authority.

SODIMM = Small outline DIMM

SOHO   =     Small Office, Home Office

SPF        =    Shortest Path First

SPN        =    Service principal name .

SRAM    =    Static  RAM

SSH        =    Secure Shell

SSL        =    Secure Sockets Layer

ST          =    Straight Tip

STP        =    Shielded Twisted Pair

SVGA     =    Super  VGA
 
                                         T                                  

TCP       =     Transmission Control  Protocol

TByte     =     Terabyte. A terabyte (tb) is one million mbytes

TFTP     =     Trivial File Transfer Protocol

TLS        =     Transport Layer Security

TPM       =     Trusted platform module  
TTL        =     Time to live .

                                       U                                       

UDP       =   User Datagram Protocol

UGMC   =   Universal group membership caching.

UPS        =   Uninterruptible power supply

URL       =    Uniform resource location.

USB       =    Universal Serial Bus

USMT    =    User state migration tool.
 UTP       =   Unshielded Twisted Pair

                                      V                                       

VDU      =    Video  display unit

VGA      =    Video  Graphics Array

VHD      =    Virtual hard disk .

VIBGYOR =Violet-Indigo-Blue-Green-Yellow-Orange-Red

VLAN    =    Virtual  LAN

VLSM    =    Variable Length Subnet  Mask

VOIP      =   Voice Over Internet Protocol

                                       W                                    

WAN      =    Wide Area Network

WDS       =    Windows deployment services .

WEP       =    Wired equivalent protection .

WFAS     =    Windows firewall with advanced security . 
WIM       =    Windows image. 
WINDOWS AIK   =    windows automated installation kit 
WINDOWS PE     =    windows pre installation environment 
WINDOWS RE     =    windows recovery environment

WINS      =    Windows internet naming resolution .

WINS      =    Windows Internet Naming Service

WLAN    =     Wireless local area network

WMI       =     Windows management instrumentation

WPA       =     Wi- Fi  protocol access .

WPA       =     Wi-Fi protected access.

WSUS     =     Windows server update services.

WWW     =    World Wide Web

                                  Z                                        

ZSK        =    Zone signing key .